Creative Commons
Re-Using text under the Creative Commens Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
A big portion of disseminating knowledge in the fields of research, science and education online, is using OSS, OSH, Creative Commons and GPL.
“Numerous educational, scientific and technical works may already be accessed on the internet on the basis of ‘light’ licenses, such as GPL or ‘creative commons’ for literary and artistic works. Such licenses and the production of content useful for the knowledge society should be encouraged through public tenders or by giving support to institutions which produce scientific and technical content as well as software through the application of this type of license.” (Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the Green paper — Copyright in the Knowledge Economy COM(2008) 466 final (2009/C 228/08) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2009:228:0052:0055:EN:PDF)
Incorporating huge parts of (modified) writing in own publications is therefore possible, without copyright violation. For example all Wikipedia entries are to be published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
As stated by Wikipedia this means: “You are free: to Share—to copy, distribute and transmit the work, and to Remix—to adapt the work”
(“Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License ” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2004; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License) Paragraph 3. “License Grant”
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License states it in the following more detailed but less readable way: “Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
- to Reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collections, and to Reproduce the Work as incorporated in the Collections;
- to create and Reproduce Adaptations provided that any such Adaptation, including any translation in any medium, takes reasonable steps to clearly label, demarcate or otherwise identify that changes were made to the original Work. For example, a translation could be marked “The original work was translated from English to Spanish,” or a modification could indicate “The original work has been modified.”;
- to Distribute and Publicly Perform the Work including as incorporated in Collections; and,
- to Distribute and Publicly Perform Adaptations.”
(“Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License ” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2004; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License)
In order to be allowed to share and to remix in the way described above, you have to fulfill two conditions, which are named “attribution” and “share alike”.
As stated by Wikipedia this means: “Attribution—You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work.) Share Alike—If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible license.”
(“Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License ” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2004; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License)
“Attribution” and “share alike” is defined in less readable and more precise way under Paragraph 4. “Restrictions” Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
(“Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License ” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2004; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License)
According to Wikipedia this means:
“Re-use of text
Attribution To re-distribute text on Wikipedia in any form, provide credit to the authors either by including a) a hyperlink (where possible) or URL to the page or pages you are re-using, b) a hyperlink (where possible) or URL to an alternative, stable online copy which is freely accessible, which conforms with the license, and which provides credit to the authors in a manner equivalent to the credit given on this website, or c) a list of all authors. (Any list of authors may be filtered to exclude very small or irrelevant contributions.) This applies to text developed by the Wikipedia community. Text from external sources may attach additional attribution requirements to the work, which should be indicated on an article’s face or on its talk page. For example, a page may have a banner or other notation indicating that some or all of its content was originally published somewhere else. Where such notations are visible in the page itself, they should generally be preserved by re-users.
Copyleft/Share Alike If you make modifications or additions to the page you re-use, you must license them under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 or later.
Indicate changes If you make modifications or additions, you must indicate in a reasonable fashion that the original work has been modified. If you are re-using the page in a wiki, for example, indicating this in the page history is sufficient.
Licensing notice Each copy or modified version that you distribute must include a licensing notice stating that the work is released under CC BY-SA and either a) a hyperlink or URL to the text of the license or b) a copy of the license. For this purpose, a suitable URL is: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ For further information, please refer to the legal code of the CC BY-SA License”
(“Wikipedia Copyrights ” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2004; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights#Reusers.27_rights_and_obligations )
According to Wikipedia there are six regularly used licenses:
| Icon | Description | Acronym | Free/Libre |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Attribution alone | BY | Yes |
 |
Attribution + Noncommercial | BY-NC | No |
 |
Attribution + ShareAlike | BY-SA | Yes |
 |
Attribution + NoDerivatives | BY-ND | No |
 |
Attribution + Noncommercial + ShareAlike | BY-NC-SA | No |
 |
Attribution + Noncommercial + NoDerivatives | BY-NC-ND | No |
(“Creative Commens License” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2004; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license)
This article re-uses Wikipedia text. In order to fulfill the conditions of the creative commons license, which are “attribution” and “share alike”, we set hyperlinks to attribute.
The Icons used in the table above are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Clicking these Icons will lead to Information about the author. Author is: creativecommons.org.
To fulfill the “Share alike” condition, we finish this text with the following sentence:
Text is modified and available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.
Text is modified and available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.
Felix Arndt “Creative Commons” 2015; https://mrimagma.wordpress.com/2015/05/20/creative-commons-attribution-sharealike-3-0-unported-license/
To share-alike and attribute please use the 2 preceding sentences. Feel free to copy & paste.
MRIMAGMA 
very interesting .. .
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